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SM offers high quality Yttrium Orthoaluminate, also referred to as yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAP), doped with Tm, Nd, Pr, Er and Cr.
YAP´s hardness and thermal conductivity are similar to YAG, but exhibits a highly anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient and is birefringent. YAP is an orthorhombic negative biaxial crystal belonging to the D162h (Pnma) space group. Emission wavelengths are polarized, and emission and absorpton cross sections are dependant upon the crystalographic orientation. SM (along with references [1] and [3] below), use the Pnma space group convenion for defining the crystalographic a, b, and c-axis lattice constants. Others (including reference [2]) use the Pbnm convention. In the table below, we related the two conventions thru their common lattice constants.
Contact us with your specific requirements or for availability and pricing of currently stocked compositions and concentrations.
| Tm:YALO | Nd:YALO | |
| Emission Wavelength | 1.99 μm (E || a) | 1.073 μm |
| 1.94 μm (E || c) | ||
| Laser Transition | 3F4 → 3H6 | 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 |
| Pump Wavelength | 795 nm | lamp |
| Y3+ Site | 1.96 x 1020 cm-3 | |
| Al3+Site (IV) | 1.96 x 1020 cm-3 | |
| Al3+Site (VI) | NA |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion [3] | 2.32 x 10-6 K-1 (a) |
| 8.08 x 10-6 K-1 (b) | |
| 8.7 x 10-6 K-1 (c) | |
| Thermal Diffusivity [3] | 0.039 cm2 s-2 (a) |
| 0.045 cm2 s-2 (c) | |
| Thermal Conductivity [3] | 11.7 W m-1 K-1 (a) |
| 10.0 W m-1 K-1 (b) | |
| 13.3 W m-1 K-1 (c) | |
| Specific Heat (Cp) ¹ | 0.557 J g-1 K-1 |
| Refractive Index @ 632.8 nm | 1.96(a) |
| 1.94(b) | |
| 1.97(c) | |
| dn/dT (Thermal Coefficient of Refractive Index) @ 1064nm [3] | 7.7 10-6 K-1 (E || a) |
| 11.7 10-6 K-1 (E || b) | |
| 8.3 10-6 K-1 (E || c) | |
| Molecular Weight | 163.89 g mol-1 |
| Melting Point | 1870°C |
| Density | 5.35 g cm-3 |
| MOHS Hardness | 8.5 |
| Crystal Structure | Orthorhombic |
| Standard Orientation | a-axis or c-axis |
| Y3+ Site Symmetry | C1h |
| (Pnma space group) | (Pbnm space group) | |
| 5.330 Å | a-axis | b-axis |
| 7.375 Å | b-axis | c-axis |
| 5.180 Å | c-axis | a-axis |
1) 1.94 micron and 1.99 micron emission of Tm:YAP is studied in Stoneman et. al.,
2) Emission and absorption properties of Nd:YAP are summarized in A. A. Kaminskii, "Laser Crystals: Their physics and properties", Second Edition, Springer-Verlag New York, 1990 Chapter 6.3; ISBN 0-387-09576-4
3) Thermo-optic properties of YAP and other laser host materials are studied in: R. L. Aggarwal, et. al., JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 98, 103514 (2005)
Laser Materials
